InnoMetro 2022 welcomes on board Silver Partner- ‘SERTO Group’

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24/02/2022

InnoMetro 2022 – 2^nd Edition is pleased to welcome on board SERTO Group as ‘Silver Partner’ for the three-day conference and expo to showcase the latest innovations and technology for the metro and railway industry.

SERTO is a Switzerland based leading manufacturer and supplier of tube union systems in international markets and uses modern manufacturing methods to provide simple and complex solutions especially for the railway sector- using tube union technology.

The diverse range of products manufactured by the group aim to provide efficient solutions for Lavatory facilities in coaches, Tube systems for pressure vehicles, Pneumatic tubing in brake systems, Cooling for power electronics and batteries, Coolant water systems, Carriage connections, Fire extinguisher systems, Tubing for driver’s compartment and bogies and many other rail systems.

Being a global platform for the latest advancements in the rail industry, InnoMetro is glad to collaborate with SERTO which has a key focus on providing everything from a ‘single source’ in ‘perfect quality’ to address the customers’ problems in the best way and provides realistic solutions to them.

Register now on www.innometro.com to see how they provide sealed, ready-to-install and personalized solutions to the rail industry as that’s what SERTO stands for.

For sponsorship opportunities at InnoMetro 2022, register now on: https://www.innometro.com/exhibitor-registration/

About InnoMetro

InnoMetro is a global event to showcase Innovation & Technology for the Metro, Railway, RRTS, High-Speed Rail & Allied Industries being organized by Metro Rail News from 28^th-30^th April, 2022 virtually.

It aims to bring experts from the industry in a line to witness the latest advancements in a three-day insightful conference & expo. With a vision to maximize penetration into the key trends affecting the urban mobility sector, the event serves as a global platform for ideation, discussion and presentation of the most innovative ideas and concepts giving a new dimension to the Rail and Metro Industry.

The event serves as a one-stop destination for leading brands to showcase their products, for experts to speak their minds and for delegates to experience the latest trends and technologies in the industry.

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DMRC will deposit Rs 600 crore in Reliance Infra’s account

By

Kishore Kumar

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24/02/2022

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DELHI (Metro Rail News): On Monday, the Delhi High Court reserved its decision on a plea filed by Reliance Infrastructure-backed Delhi Airport Metro Express Pvt Ltd (DAMEPL) to enforce a 2017 arbitral verdict related to the Delhi Airport Metro Express Line.

It further noted the guarantee of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation that Rs 600 crore would be deposited in DAMEPL’s escrow account within two days.

While the Reliance Infra-led firm hopes that the DMRC deposit the entire amount of Rs 6,305.40 crore into the Project Escrow Account immediately in accordance with the arbitral award, the DMRC disputes the figure, claiming that they only owe Rs 3,305 crore after paying Rs 1,000 crore last year.

The DMRC told the court on Monday that it employs over 15,000 people and is the transportation lifeblood of Delhi.

As per DMRC’s lawyer, there is a significant deficit of customers due to Covid. As a result, a huge revenue implication has hit DMRC, resulting in a monthly loss of Rs 150 crore. DMRC is a government undertaking. The amount proposed by DMRC was Rs 600 crore up front and requested extra time to pay the rest of the money.

The judge called the amount offered by DMRC “peanuts” and stated it was unacceptable. “You are the central government. You are the state government, but despite that, you are not realising,” Justice Suresh Kumar Kait remarked.

Regarding the position of funds, the DMRC had earlier told the court that it has Rs 1,478.39 crore fund available in the banks under ‘DMRC Funds’ head, Rs 2,668.81 crore under ‘Project Funds’ – earmarked for Phase III and IV – and Rs 1,561.30 crore under ‘other than DMCR funds’ head, which have been provided to it by the Maharashtra and Bihar governments for construction of metro rail there.

Only revenues of the metro railway administration can be attached by a court in execution of a decree or order, according to Section 89 of The Metro Railways Act, 2002. The DMRC told the court that project funds and money from other state governments could not be used to settle the debts.

When contractors enter into contracts with DMRC, they are aware of the legal clause that forbids any court from attaching its properties in execution procedures.

DMRC signed a contract with DAMEPL in 2008 for the line’s design, installation, commissioning, operation, and maintenance. DMRC sought arbitration in 2012 after DAMEPL cancelled the concession agreement on the grounds that DMRC had failed to rectify construction faults within the specified 90-day period. In September, the Supreme Court upheld a 2017 arbitral award in DAMEPL’s favour.

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DDMA to Decide on Reopening Of All Delhi Metro Gates

By

Kishore Kumar

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24/02/2022

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DELHI (Metro Rail News): The number of passengers using the Delhi metro has surged following the decrease in Corona cases and the opening of offices and schools.

As a result, approximately 70% of metro station gates have been reopened. However, people are still having trouble since 30 per cent of the gates have been kept closed because they are not allowed to ride in the metro while standing.

However, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has stated that all gates will be opened once the metro has reached full capacity.

On December 28, last year, after the third wave of Corona began, the number of passengers in the metro had significantly reduced. Therefore, it was agreed to only operate the metro at 50% capacity during this time.

The number of individuals using the metro has also decreased in such a situation. Only 444 of the 712 gates at 254 stations on the Delhi Metro were operational. Only 4 to 5 lakh passengers were able to travel each day as a result of this. At the moment, each station has one or two gates open.

The metro was authorised to run at full capacity just a few days ago. Nonetheless, one or two gates were being opened at the majority of the stations. This led to long queues of passengers outside the stations. Every day, between 12 and 15 lakh passengers are believed to travel. Therefore, there is a tremendous crowd at the metro stations in the morning and evening in such a setting. Currently, roughly 500 gates have been opened at metro stations, averaging two gates per station.

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BMRCL seeks Rs 550 crore loan for Yellow Line Metro work

By

Kishore Kumar

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24/02/2022

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BANGALORE (Metro Rail News): Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL) is looking into financing solutions after missing key deadlines for many of its Phase 2 sections. It has applied for a loan of Rs 550 crore in funds from the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) for civil work on the RV Road – Bommasandra (Yellow Line).

“A decision in this regard will be taken at the appropriate time based on the requirement of funds and after due compliance of all applicable statutory formalities and regulatory approvals,” BMRCL’s 2020-21 annual report released on Tuesday states.

According to BMRCL Managing Director Anjum Parwez, For Phase 2, there is a shortage of roughly Rs 3,500 crore. Therefore, we have requested 550 crores from the megacity revolving fund of the KUIDFC. The remaining money will be sourced from the domestic market, but there is no immediate need because the Phase 2 deadline is 2024.

According to the report, the agency’s financial losses have been increasing over time, with losses of Rs 352.2 crore in 2017-2018, Rs 498.4 crore in 2018-19, Rs 598.5 crore in 2019-20, and Rs 904.8 crore in 2020-21. On the other hand, the farebox revenue (ticket revenue) increased from Rs 325 crore in 2017-2018, Rs 402.3 crore in 2018-19 and Rs 418.8 crore in 2019-20.

However, because of the pandemic, it fell to Rs 73.5 crore in 2020-21. Non-fare box revenue increased from Rs 12.2 crore in 2017-18 to Rs 17.1 crore in 2018-19, before falling to Rs 14.4 crore in 2019-20 and Rs 8.4 crore in 2020-21.

We’ve now surpassed the pre-Omicron number of roughly 3.5 lakh riders. Before Covid, our ridership was about 5.6-5.7 lakh. Many IT firms are reopening offices as early as next month, so ridership is expected to rise, Parwez added. The 72-kilometre Phase 2 project for Metro was approved in 2014 and was intended to be completed by 2017.

However, the Phase 2 date has been pushed back to 2024-2025, increasing the project cost from Rs 26,405 crore to Rs 30,695 crore.

For Phase 2, the Union and state governments would each contribute Rs 7,736.7 crore in equity, which will be split evenly.

Out Of this, both governments have already released Rs 6,629.1 crore, leaving a balance of Rs 1,107.5 crore scheduled to be sanctioned under the budgetary provisions, according to the report. The Outer Ring Road – Kempegowda International Airport Metro route was approved by the Centre in June 2021, with a completion date of 2025 and an estimated cost of Rs 14,788 crore.

E Sreedharan, India’s Metro Man and key adviser to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, noted that each day that work is delayed costs, BMRCL roughly Rs 1.5 crore extra.

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DMRC has introduced new feature-rich website and mobile app

By

Kishore Kumar

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24/02/2022

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Launch of DMRC New website & mobile appImage Credit: DMRC

DELHI (Metro Rail News): The world’s most advanced and rich interactive digital platforms for the metro with the revamped official website and mobile application has been launched by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC).

This aligns with the Government of India’s Digital India initiative that government services are made available to citizens electronically by the improved online infrastructure.

Many advanced features such as interactive route maps, advanced station search options, real-time first and last train time calculator, next and nearest station alert on the app etc., have been installed in the new website and mobile applications.

Dr Mangu Singh, Managing director and other senior officials, launched the new look of the official website and a state-of-the-art mobile application of DMRC at Metro Bhawan for the greater convenience of passengers.

As per DMRC officials, intensive scanning of websites and mobile applications of all major transport systems worldwide and thorough research was made for months to design the new-age facilities.

According to a comparative study, the officials’ websites of leading metro systems across the world have revealed that Delhi Metro’s website has more features for passenger convenience than any other similar website operational in other cities.

As part of the research process, feedback provided by the commuters have been incorporated with necessary improvements from time to time, and the specialised IT professionals team had also been roped in to design and maintain the websites.

To ensure that the website and mobile applications are safe and resistant against virus attacks, special efforts have been made, and internet audits are conducted from time to time.

The website is a bilingual platform. Its all features are available in both English and Hindi. The mobile application DMRC app is available on the Google play store and App Store for Android and IOS operating systems respectively. For ensuring faster updates and flow of information on both platforms, DMRC has integrated its mobile application and websites for the first time.

The earlier website was static in nature which now has shown a vast improvement by changing it into a complete dynamic providing the real-time information about the movement of the trains, timings, applicable fare etc. for benefiting the passengers the valuable information such as nearest police stations as well as phone numbers of metro stations.

The main features of the new website and mobile application are as follows:-

Trip planner via Interactive Map- The interactive feature is provided to the passengers on the mobile app and website to plan an efficient and quick journey. The complete information of the stations, along with the route of their journey and interchanges on the selected route, can be viewed on a map.
The time of the next available train, total journey time to their destination and the fare and number of stations in the selected route can also be shown to passengers. It also indicates the platforms and direction of travel starting from their origin station and the interchange stations to their destination to the passengers.
Know your Station – The provision for the complete details of each station in DMRC network can be viewed by the passengers on the DMRC website. The various details shown include station location on the map, station details, gate details, lift/ escalator availability with location, nearby key places & station facilities.
Advanced Station Facilities Search– For the convenience of passengers, the DMRC website has been provided with an Advanced Facility Search feature on the homepage from which the passengers can do a quick search based on either facility type or Metro line or a specific keyword.
Tour Guide –The Tour Guide is a unique feature catering to tourists and new visitors to the city. In the Tour Guide, a vital selection of the significant landmarks, historical places & transport hubs like railway stations, airports & ISBTs which a person visiting the city must visit are showcased.
To cater to the ease of passengers, the ‘Plan your Journey’ feature is also provided here so that passengers may see the route to the nearest Metro station or any landmark from anywhere on the Delhi Metro network. In addition, for the last mile connectivity from the nearest Metro station to each landmark, the walking time and public transport time information are also provided.
Realtime First and Last Train Time Calculator – Passengers using the DMRC website can check the First and Last Train time for any route between any two stations of the Delhi Metro network using this feature. Passengers can also check the route based on the shortest or minimum interchange route.
Fare Calculator – The Fare Calculator is a quick look feature provided for passengers to determine the normal fare and the special fare applicable on any journey undertaken on the DMRC network.
Next Station Alert – Mobile App– On the DMRC Mobile App, passengers using this feature while making their journey on Metro trains will be alerted before reaching their destination station via push notifications on their mobile phone. The mobile app requires the GPS to be switched on the mobile device for optimum performance of this feature.
Nearest Stations – Mobile App – The DMRC Mobile App provides the users with a function to find the nearest Metro Station from any location by simply switching on the GPS location on their Mobile Phone and using this feature on the app. They can also see the direction via Google Map to the station from the user’s current GPS location.
Know your Line (Line Status with Details) – The DMRC website displays the service status of every line on a real-time basis by showing appropriate colour codes and text to indicate normal or partial Service (green for normal Service & amber for partial Service). In addition, the passengers can view the reasons for any partial service on a line by checking the ‘Line Updates’ tab.

Additionally, in case of any station closure, it is shown with a different colour code and text to highlight the same (green for open & red for closed). The reason for the station restriction can be viewed on the ‘Line Detail’ Page under the ‘Station Restriction/Special Information.

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CMRS starts inspection of Phase 1 of Mumbai Metro corridors 2A and 7

By

Kishore Kumar

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22/02/2022

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Three companies in contention for bid for balance civil work in Mumbai Metro line 2B — Photo Copyrighted: MMRDA

Mumbai (Metro Rail News): On Saturday, the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety (CMRS) commenced the compulsory inspection of the delayed Phase 1 of Mumbai Metro lines 2A and 7 between Dahanukarwadi and Aarey, a 20 KM length in the western suburbs.

On Friday, the CMRS team came to the city to conduct the inspection, which is a required step before the metro line can be activated. To begin commercial operation of the service, the CMRS must issue a mandatory and necessary clearance.

The inspection will take place over the course of one week. SVR Srinivas, MMRDA’s metropolitan commissioner, confirmed the news and said the inspection would last a few days.

MMRDA obtained provisional certification for the stretch from the Research, Design and Standard Organisation (RDSO) last month. One of the pre-requisite clearances for commercial metro operations is the RDSO accreditation.

The Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (MMRDA) is building a 35-kilometre stretch of two elevated Metro corridors – Line 2A between Dahisar and D N Nagar and Line 7 between Dahisar East and Andheri East

Both lines’ commercial operations were planned in two phases, and the project missed its initial dates.

MMRDA is currently testing the lines between Aarey and Dahisar East (Line 7) as well as Dahisar (West) and Dahanukarwadi (Line 2A). As part of Phase 1 of the project, 2A and 7 corridors will cover 18 stations.

MMRDA has previously stated that Phase 1 of the project, which includes the Metro 2A and 7 lines, will be operational in October 2021. It has, however, been postponed. The phase corridors are now projected to be operating within the next month.

Apart from Phase 1, the remaining stretch has also missed the date for the start of the trial run because most of the work is still pending there.

Meanwhile, Bharat Earth Movers Limited has delivered all 10 Metro rakes to MMRDA in preparation for the lines’ first operation. The MMRDA has also put together a tentative timetable for Metro services along the route.

Separate coaches for physically challenged people and ladies are expected to be available on Metro rakes.

According to an official, “The timetable and other things are under review, and we are preparing to start the operation and all the necessary things required for it — from training the ticket issuing staff to running the services. A mock drill was conducted at Aarey station on Friday as a practical training session for the employees working at the station so that they could get a brief knowledge of how to handle certain situations at the time.”

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PM Modi: Mumbai-Ahmedabad Bullet Train Project is the need of the country

By

Kishore Kumar

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22/02/2022

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Bullet train — Image for representation purpose only copyright: respective Authority

MUMBAI (Metro Rail News): The government is placing a high priority on the planned High-Speed Rail Project between Mumbai and Ahmedabad, which would also be the country’s first Bullet Train project.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has stated that the forthcoming Mumbai-Ahmadabad High-Speed Rail project is a national necessity that will cement Mumbai’s character as the city of dreams.

The Prime Minister also stressed that the government’s objective is to complete the Bullet Train project as soon as possible. The National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL) is implementing the MAHSR Project.

For the upcoming Mumbai – Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Corridor C-5 Package, the NHSRCL has inked an agreement with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Limited to design and develop a roughly eight-kilometre-long viaduct in Vadodara, Gujarat, including a High-Speed Rail station.

https://twitter.com/MetroRailNewsIN/status/1496059649287946243?s=20&t=k82dyuK44P_tMOO2T8YIgw

The Vadodara High-Speed Rail station would be built over the existing platform number 7 of the Vadodara railway station in order to achieve seamless integration with Indian Railways.

According to the firm, this integration will provide travelling customers with the convenience of a seamless transition between high-speed rail and national transporter.

Darshana Jardosh, the Minister of State for Railways, recently reviewed the MAHSR’s work at the project site in Gujarat, between the cities of Surat and Vapi.

The minister began her visit by inspecting the Casting yard at Ch. 243 in Padgah village, located in the Navsari district, for preparatory works of girder casting scheduled for castings such as Pile cap casting at Ch. 242 P42 and P23.

The minister’s next stop was the Casting yard at Ch. 238 (Nasilpore Village, Navsari district), where she saw heavy equipment like an 1100 T straddle carrier and bridge gantries on exhibit.

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Delhi-Meerut RRTS project gets its longest span of 150m in Ghaziabad

By

Kishore Kumar

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22/02/2022

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On track: RRTS terminal as transport hub

Delhi (Metro Rail News): The NCR Transport Corporation (NCRTC), which is building the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS), has begun work on a 150-meter-long steel span, the longest in the 82 KM project near Ghaziabad’s New Bus Adda Metro station.

According to officials, the overpass would be built to allow high-speed RRTS trains to go over the Delhi Metro’s Red Line.

The trains employed in the RRTS project will travel at 180 km/h and will pass over several infrastructure projects in Ghaziabad, for which the NCRTC is providing special steel spans to ensure smooth operation. The organisation has also constructed a 73-meter long, 800-tonne unique span near the Hindon river.

A similar crossing will be built near the Eastern Peripheral Expressway (near Duhai), allowing RRTS trains to go over the elevated expressway.

An officer from NCRTC stated, “The 150m-long span that we are constructing is the third and the longest span weighing about 3,200 tonnes. It has prefabricated parts, which are being assembled at night. We are also taking blocks from Delhi Metro at night for completing the structure. For the purpose, we are using two special cranes, which have capacity to lift 300 and 500 tonnes of prefabricated pieces. The entire 150 metres span is a single structure and supported by a single pillar.”

The RRTS project proposes to use high-speed trains to connect Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Meerut. Ghaziabad is developing a 17-kilometre priority section from Sahibabad to Duhai. This section of the route is expected to open in March 2023, with the complete line expected to open in March 2025. The cost of the RRTS project is estimated to be Rs 30,274 crore.

According to Puneet Vats, NCRTC’s top PRO, The special span of 150 metres is being installed due to a space constraint at the site and the need for seamless RRTS train movement. The high-speed RRTS train can easily cross the flyover, GT Road, and Metro alignment with the help of this span. The span would be built with an 8-meter clearance over the Metro line.

Officials stated they are working on the project on ad hoc days to avoid causing traffic congestion on GT Road. The GT Road is one of Ghaziabad’s busiest highway portions, connecting Sahibabad to the city and also carrying traffic to Meerut and Bulandshahr.

The NCRTC is also building the Ghaziabad RRTS station to accommodate the movement of RRTS trains across the Metro alignment. According to officials, the first RRTS train, with six coaches, is slated to arrive in three months, following which the trial run would begin.

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DMRC makes room for its three major busiest lines with 8-coach trains

By

Kishore Kumar

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22/02/2022

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Delhi (Metro Rail News): Since last year, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has begun converting the remaining fleet of six-coach trains to the new layout after converting most services on its three major lines to eight-coach trains.

The DMRC plans to complete the transition by the end of the year, adding 78 coaches to the 39 six-coach trains currently running on the Red Line (Rithala-Shaheed Sthal New Bus Adda).

The train company adding 120 coaches to its three oldest and busiest corridors to boost passenger capacity: Red Line, Yellow Line (HUDA City Centre-Samaypur Badli), and Blue Line (Dwarka-Noida Electronic City/Vaishali).

Last year, 12 Yellow Line trains were converted from six-coach to eight-coach format, bringing the total number of such lengthier trains on the route to 64.

By the end of 2021, the remaining nine six-coach trains on the Blue Line will have coaches added, bringing the total number of eight-coach trains on the corridor to 74.

According to the DMRC spokesperson, “the train company had started the process of adding 78 more coaches to its fleet of 39 six-coach trains on the Red Line at its Shastri Park depot. The first eight-coach train on this line will likely be ready by June 2022 and the remaining 38 by the end of 2022.”

This will significantly increase the carrying capacity of the corridor, which is approximately 35 KM long and has 29 stations.” In addition, the Red Line will now join the league of Blue and Yellow lines, which currently have eight coaches in their fleets, the spokesperson stated.

Bombardier provided 40 of the 120 coaches, while Bharat Earth Movers Limited provided the other 80. The endeavour to increase train carrying capacity comes at a time when ridership has plummeted due to the many restrictions imposed by Covid-19.

Even now, trains are only allowed to carry seated passengers, not standing individuals. This was when the trains were envisioned to carry a majority of standing passengers. The Red, Blue, and Yellow lines are the main corridors of the Delhi Metro, accounting for 40-50 per cent of daily passenger usage.

These corridors, which were first put into service during Phase I, use broad gauge tracks to accommodate trains of up to eight coaches.

All of the following phases’, including the high-speed Airport Express Line, have used standard gauge tracks, which allow for tighter curves but only allow for trains to run in a six-coach formation.

While more eight-coach trains are needed on congested lines like the Blue and Yellow Lines to accommodate more commuters and provide social distancing, DMRC is introducing 36 coaches on the Airport Express Line separately.

More trains will be required to ensure that the frequency of services is not hampered by the extension of the standalone corridor from Dwarka Sector 21 to the planned International Convention Centre at Dwarka.

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Delhi-Meerut RRTS Corridor: Delivery of 100% ‘Made In India’ High-Speed Trains to commence soon as trial run begins this year

By

Kishore Kumar

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21/02/2022

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Delhi (Metro Rail News): National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) is preparing to start trial runs later this year on the 17 KM priority section of the Delhi-Ghaziabad Meerut RRTS route between Sahibabad and Duhai, which is expected to be operational by March 2023. The 82 KM Delhi-Ghaziabad Meerut RRTS line will have 25 stations, two depots, and one stabling yard when it will be operational in 2025.

The RRTS corridor will run from Sarai Kale Khan in Delhi to Modipuram in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, passing through Ghaziabad.

NCRTC’s senior management team, led by managing director Vinay Kumar Singh, recently paid a visit to the RRTS trainset manufacturing plant and the propulsion factory, both of which are located in Gujarat.

Under the Make in India regulations, 100% of trainsets for the country’s first RRTS will be manufactured in India, with over 80% of the work being done locally. Alstom’s plant in Savli, Gujarat, is manufacturing the trainsets. In addition, the bogies, car bodies, and train testing are all manufactured at this location.

NCRTC staff evaluated the production progress of the 6-car prototype RRTS Train at the factory. The first trainset’s six cars are all at various stages of final assembly.

Delhi Meerut RRTS Shell — 1st Body Shell Ready for Delhi – Meerut RRTS Train

NCRTC crew also paid a visit to the Maneja propulsion factory, where traction/auxiliary converters/inverters were being manufactured and tested. In the following months, semi high-speed first of its kind aerodynamic trainsets with distributed power will begin.

Given the operational speed of 160 kmph and stations every 5-10 km, the RRTS trains are constructed with high-acceleration and high-deceleration in mind.

As per NCRTC, RRTS trainsets will be the first of their kind in India, with a design speed of 180 kmph. For the first RRTS route, the Savli manufacturing facility will supply 210 cars (40 trainsets). This contains 30 trainsets with six cars each for regional transit on the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut corridor and ten trainsets with three cars each for local transit in Meerut.

NCRTC released the initial look of the train for India’s first Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) in September 2020. The NCRTC claimed the trainsets’ aesthetics will be inspired by Delhi’s landmark monument, The Lotus Temple, and will reflect a unique fusion of sustainability and India’s rich heritage.

RRTS trains will have ergonomically built 2×2 transverse seating, comfortable standing space, luggage racks, CCTV cameras, laptop/mobile charging stations, dynamic route maps, and an auto control ambient lighting system, among other amenities.

The air-conditioned RRTS trains will have standard and premium class (one coach per train) and one coach reserved for women passengers.

This line will be the first in India to use the European Train Control System (ETCS) hybrid Level 2 signalling system, which is the core signalling and train control component of the European Rail Traffic Management System.

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